Fertility can be influenced by many factors, and one that is often overlooked is the vaginal microbiome. Understanding the connection between the vaginal microbiome and fertility is crucial, as an imbalance in vaginal health can directly impact a woman’s ability to conceive and maintain a pregnancy. In this article, we will explore how vaginal health impacts fertility and discuss practical steps to support a healthy microbiome.

## 1. Increased risk of miscarriage

The [vaginal microbiome](https://www.conceivio.com/resources/uterine-microbiome-fertility) plays a vital role in maintaining reproductive health. Studies show that an imbalanced vaginal microbiome, characterised by lower levels of Lactobacillus species and higher levels of harmful bacteria, is linked to an increased risk of miscarriage and preterm birth [as discussed in this systematic review.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35008605/) One in four pregnancies ends in loss, with nearly half of these being unexplained, which makes optimising vaginal health essential.

### How to support a healthy microbiome to reduce miscarriage risk

- Consider regular vaginal microbiome testing to detect imbalances.
- Use probiotics targeted at promoting Lactobacillus dominance.
- Avoid douching or using harsh cleansers that disrupt pH balance.

## 2. Lower IVF and ART success rates

A healthy vaginal microbiome is crucial for assisted reproductive technology (ART) success, including in vitro fertilisation (IVF). [Studies](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38597377/) have shown that women with an optimal vaginal microbiome, characterised by a high proportion of Lactobacillus bacteria, have a significantly higher chance of successful embryo implantation.

### Enhancing vaginal health for better ART outcomes

- Maintain optimal vaginal pH through diet and lifestyle choices.
- Speak with a fertility specialist about probiotic supplements.
- Consider vaginal microbiome screening before starting ART.

## 3. Unexplained infertility

Unexplained infertility affects many women and can be deeply frustrating. [Emerging research](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35008605/) suggests that an imbalanced vaginal microbiome might be an underlying factor. Women diagnosed with unexplained infertility often have a vaginal environment dominated by pathogenic bacteria rather than Lactobacillus.

### Addressing unexplained infertility by improving vaginal health

- Consult a healthcare provider about testing for bacterial vaginosis.
- Follow a personalised [vaginal health](https://www.conceivio.com/resources/5-ways-to-improve-vaginal-health-and-why-it-matters) plan to restore balance.
- Incorporate fermented foods and probiotic-rich diets.

## 4. Higher risk of preterm birth

Pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth, have been linked to vaginal dysbiosis. Babies born prematurely face numerous health challenges, including respiratory and developmental issues. Maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiome during pregnancy can [reduce](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23543384/) the risk of preterm labour.

### Tips to reduce preterm birth risk

- Seek medical advice if experiencing symptoms of BV during pregnancy.
- Engage in regular vaginal health check-ups, especially if there is a history of preterm birth.
- Implement lifestyle practices that support microbial balance.

## The science behind the vaginal microbiome and fertility

The vaginal microbiome is composed primarily of Lactobacillus bacteria, which produce lactic acid to maintain an acidic environment. This acidic pH helps deter pathogenic bacteria that can lead to infections and compromise fertility.

### Practical steps to support a healthy vaginal microbiome

1. **Avoid unnecessary antibiotics** - Only take antibiotics when prescribed and necessary, as they can disrupt vaginal flora.
2. **Incorporate probiotics and fermented foods** - These help replenish beneficial bacteria and maintain pH balance.
3. **Practice safe sex** - Unprotected sex can introduce harmful bacteria into the vaginal environment.
4. **Use pH-balanced intimate care products** - Choose products that support vaginal acidity without harsh chemicals.

### Bacterial vaginosis and fertility

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that occurs when harmful bacteria outnumber beneficial Lactobacillus bacteria. BV is linked to inflammation, increased vaginal pH, and a greater risk of sexually transmitted infections. Women often ask, *can bacterial vaginosis cause infertility?*  While BV itself does not directly cause infertility, it can contribute to reproductive challenges.

Several [studies](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23543384/) have found a correlation between BV and infertility, particularly when left untreated. BV increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can damage the reproductive organs and hinder conception. Additionally, BV may reduce the success rates of fertility treatments like IVF due to inflammation and poor endometrial receptivity.

#### Tips for managing BV to support fertility:

- Seek prompt treatment if experiencing symptoms like unusual discharge or odour.
- Avoid douching and harsh cleansers that disrupt vaginal pH.
- Consult a healthcare provider about targeted probiotics to restore balance.

## Taking charge of your vaginal health for fertility success

Your vaginal health plays a pivotal role in fertility, and maintaining a balanced microbiome is essential for conception and pregnancy success. Understanding how the vaginal microbiome and fertility are connected empowers you to take proactive steps to support your reproductive health.

For women struggling with fertility, addressing vaginal health is a vital part of the journey. Regular microbiome testing and targeted interventions can make a difference, whether you’re pursuing natural conception or undergoing fertility treatments like IVF.

By adopting vaginal health practices and staying informed, you can enhance your fertility potential and work towards achieving your family goals.

Your vaginal microbiome plays a crucial role in various health outcomes, including recurrent UTIs, BV, STDs, vaginal dryness, and more. In this article, we’ll focus on how vaginal health affects fertility and your chances of success.


4 Ways Your Vaginal Health Can Impact Your Fertility

4 Ways Your Vaginal Health Can Impact Your Fertility